On December 6 all around the world a holiday is celebrated. This holiday is the festival of Saint Nicholas, a precursor to the legend of Santa Claus. Now while children all around the world place their shoes outside their bedroom doors at night hoping for them to be filled with candy overnight children of northern Europe have another being on their minds. The creature I am talking about of course is the Krampus and he is not nearly as cheerful as old Saint Nick.
The name Krampus comes from “krampen” an old Germanic word for claw and is used to describe a being who comes not to reward the good children but to punish the bad. The beginnings of his legend are hard to pin down but what we do know is that legends of the Krampus in Bavarian countries predate the Christian colonization and were part of the pagan culture of the area.
The first thing to talk about when discussing the Krampus is his appearance. As his name meaning “claw” suggests the Krampus is less of a man and more of a monster. He is described as very tall and covered in filthy, shaggy fur from head to know. He has a large mouth full of razor sharp fangs and a long, lolling tongue which is often portrayed as hanging out of his mouth. He is also shown as having huge glowing eyes, sharp claws and a set of large goat horns. He is armed with a large sack for kidnapping children in one hand and a bundle of birch branches used to flail bad children.
Many of his physical features play to his character as that of a predatory monster ready to devour bad children such as his fangs and large mouth, also his large, glowing eyes are said to suggest that he sees everything a child does both night and day. The thing I find most interesting about his appearance however is his set of large horns and fur coated body. This to me is a throwback to the pagan religions of the area and suggest that the Krampus may have been a variation of the horned god. In traditional Germanic heathenry he is said to be the son of Hel, goddess of death and the underworld.
As I alluded to earlier his arrival was not a good thing for a child. He was said to arrive on the night of Saint Nicholas’s feast in a sleigh pulled by small children (who were whipped by the way), and throw the bad children in a sack to take back to either his forest cave or hell depending on the story. Once you were taken away by the Krampus you were never seen again as you were either eaten or kept as a toy for the Krampus to torture at will.
Now while this is a terrifying ghost story for any child to be sure the parents would take it one step further. Parents would have a local man dress as the Krampus and be invited into the home to take the children away. The children would be terrified and begin begging not to be taken away, at this point the Krampus of course would decide to let the children go with a warning and a reminder that they had better behave because he is watching and this was their last chance. To make matters worse parents would write letters signed as “The Krampus” listing bad things that the child had done and mail them to their children with a promise of seeing them soon. These letters can still be bought in Europe as a traditional holiday gift and are called “Krampus Karten”.
The tradition of the Krampus while terrifying is still alive and strong in many Bavarian countries. Every year on Saint Peter’s festival there are Krampuslaufs or Krampus runs where huge numbers gather to watch the procession of horrible demons waving chains, ringing bells and promising scared children to get them next. There are even some festivals where part of the celebration is the demons chasing children through the town and trying (not for real) to stuff children into a sack for dinner. The tradition has even spread to the United states as there is now a Krampus Festival in Philadelphia Pennsylvania every year to celebrate Bavarian culture and their famous demon.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLnl5ZWG4tg Here is video of a KrampusLauf in action!
So despite being outlawed by the Catholic church as devil worship and even being suppressed by the Fascists during World War 2 as a symbol of social democracy the legend of the Krampus lives on. So if you are a wicked child repent now before it is to late. Start behaving now before you hear the chains of Krampus or wailing of his child-drawn sleigh because he is watching and the demon of the alps may be coming for you.
Krampus is a creature from hell,
Horns and fangs and smelly dark fur,
Carries a stick and clangs a bell,
Seasonal bad Santa for sure.
Came to life in Alpine folklore,
Even before the Christmas days,
To scare all the children galore
For any misbehaving ways.
Germanic for “claw,” Krampus tiz
All the better to grab onto
The children in the not nice biz.
Child – Krampus is coming for you.
Krampus takes naughty children, so
Get ready child – you’re gonna go.